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Showing posts with label weight. Show all posts
Showing posts with label weight. Show all posts

Thursday, September 27, 2012

Acidity, Hormones and Weight loss


For many women, weight loss can be challenging and although it is common knowledge to eat less and exercise more, what do you do when this formula simply doesn’t work?

Leading Australian naturopath Narelle Stegehuis understands the importance of getting to the cause. 

"It’s important to remember that although the elements of this traditional weight loss formula are justified, many others such as acidosis and hormonal factors are often overlooked", say's Narelle.

With the typical western diet high in animal proteins and processed foods, acidosis is not uncommon, and imbalance in your bodies pH can lead to a range of unpleasant symptoms including stubborn abdominal fat.

Acidosis or heightened acidity can cause symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, aches and pains, bloating, digestive problems, hot flashes and mood changes. It has also been associated with health conditions such as Poly Cystic Ovarian Disorder, endometriosis, thyroid imbalance and unexplained infertility. 

What Causes Acidity?

Acidity is primarily caused by the breakdown of food. When foods such as those mentioned above are broken down, they raise the pH in our body slightly, creating acidity, while whole foods, fruits and vegetables create alkalinity.

For many this unfortunately means that our diet has become 30 times more acidic.1,2 This is because 100 years ago, a typical diet contained more vegetables and fibre but less processed foods and soft drinks. This means the ratio of potassium to sodium has changed from 10:1 back then to 1:3 now. 

Top 5 Acidity Triggers

• Poor diet and excessive anaerobic exercise
• Excessive dieting and fasting
• Inflammation
• Health conditions such as PCOS, Diabetes or endometriosis
• Stress 

The Impact of Acidity

Over acidity has many impacts upon the body, due to its influence on the cell. Firstly, under healthy conditions, the nucleus (centre) of the cell is slightly acidic but the surrounding area is alkaline. This difference in pH creates an electrical current which allows nutrients to pass into the cell nucleus and toxins to be pumped out of it.

However, if there is little or no difference in acidity between cell nucleus and environment, there will be a reduced electrical current between the two and consequently less influx of nutrients and less elimination of toxins. This affects your cell’s metabolism.

Let’s have a look at the various areas it can impact on.

What are the effects of acidity on:

• Stress hormones
An increase in acidity increases production of the stress hormone cortisol in your adrenals2,3,5.

Cortisol activates the production of inflammatory hormones such as Interferon gamma, leading to a state of (chronic) low grade inflammation symptomatic of unexplained aches and pains or fatigue.2 Inflammation puts your body in an energy-storing rather than energy-expending mode, making it easier to put on weight and harder to lose it.
Acidosis induced cortisol excess also influences tryptophan (a naturally produced mood enhancing protein). This potentially contributes to lower moods or depression.2

• Glucose metabolism
Chronically high levels of cortisol reduce insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake by the cells, and increase fatty tissue around the stomach.2,5,6,7,8 This can make conditions such as Poly Cystic Ovarian Disorder, or other hormonal imbalances worse.

• Leptin
Leptin is a hormone that regulates your satiety. The lower the leptin levels are, the hungrier you feel.

Acidosis reduces leptin concentration through a negative link with cortisol: the higher the cortisol levels, the lower the leptin levels. Studies have shown that a diet high in protein (acidic) is associated with significantly lower leptin levels than a diet high in fruit and vegetables (alkalizing).2

• Energy production
Acidity blocks energy production in the little powerhouses in your cell nucleus called mitochondria.2 This impairs on the influx of nutrients into the cells slowing your metabolism.

• Thyroid hormones
Chronic acidity decreases T3 and T4 levels but significantly increases TSH levels. This can cause mild hypothyroidism.3,4,5

• Bone health
Acidosis draws calcium from your bones, because calcium is alkalizing. If the pH in your blood increases due to an acidic diet, your body will mobilize calcium from the stores in your bones to alkalize it to reduce its harmful potential. It is your body’s way of trying to maintain equilibrium no matter what cost. This not only leads to an increased risk of osteoporosis as calcium is drawn out of the blood, but also to a higher risk on calcium deposits in the kidneys and gall bladder.3,5 

How does this affect your weight?

1. Causes hormonal imbalance
Increased levels of insulin, combined with elevated levels of cortisol, put your body in an energy saving mode. This slows down your metabolism and encourages your body to store fatty tissue, especially, but not exclusively, around the tummy area. Ironically, this fatty tissue is not just dead storage, but starts to act as a gland itself and secretes even more cortisol, insulin and inflammatory mediators. This perpetuates the cycle of unexplained weight gain.

2. Slows Your Metabolism
Your thyroid regulates your metabolism. Acidosis can trigger low thyroid function and a slow metabolism, once again putting you in energy-saving rather than energy-expending mode. Elevated cortisol levels further impact on this, because they do impair the conversion of (largely inactive) thyroid hormone T4 into the (more active) T3. This means there are less active thyroid hormones available for your body to use, slowing your metabolism even further.

3. Increases Cravings and Appetite
With low leptin levels you feel hungry more often, so it is likely that your energy intake through food will be higher. Often you’ll be tempted to choose energy dense foods such as sweets, chocolate, biscuits, or a soft drink to give you that quick boost of energy. Unfortunately, when your body is acidic, your body has no option but to store it for future use: as body fat! 

What can you do about this?

For many women, restoring balance is the first step to feeling great and getting on top of their health. It also means they can manage chronic illness or unexplained infertility more effectively as in the case of Michelle Curmi from Melbourne Australia. Once Michelle discovered the cause of her imbalance she fell pregnant after years of trying with PCOS and endometriosis.

You can read Michelle's story at http://www.massattack.com.au/successMichelle.html

Regular exercising and relaxing help reduce acidity in your body, however the most obvious step is to change your diet. Include more alkalizing fruits and vegetables, and reduce the intake of acidic grains, meats, sugars and soft drinks. It is also important to adjust your diet to balance your hormones, especially if acidosis has created imbalances.

Alkalizing combinations containing magnesium, potassium or calcium can help improve the acid-alkaline balance, although they should be used with the guidance of a practitioner.
Remember, your body may need support to recover from the impact of all this acidity. Although it has an amazing capacity to correct itself, sometimes it needs a helping hand. Medicinal herbs and nutritional support to switch your metabolism from energy-saving to energy-expending mode and gently support natural hormonal balance are also recommended. 

How can you measure if you are acidic?

If you are concerned about your pH levels, or simply want to monitor them to ensure you do remain within the optimal ranges, you can check this yourself. There is an easy test that you can do at home, to test the pH of urine or saliva, but other body fluids can also be tested. The kit contains a booklet that lists the ideal pH range of various body fluids.

If you are interested in this test kit, or want to talk to one of our practitioners about acidity and what we can do to help you, please contact our clinic on 1300 133 536.


Narelle Stegehuis, is a practicing medical herbalist and naturopath specializing in restorative endocrinology for women, with over 14 years clinical experience. She is both an accomplished writer, editor and technical training advisor for the media. A recipient of the Australian Naturopathic Excellence Award, Narelle adopts an integrated approach of both medical science and traditional complementary health care principles and can be contacted at
www.massattack.com.au



References
1. Schwalfenberg G, “The Alkaline Diet: is there evidence that an alkaline pH diet benefits health? – Journal of Environmental and Public Health, Vol 2012, Article 727630
2. Forrest Robey I, “Examining the relationship between diet-induced acidosis and cancer” – Nutrition & Metabolism, 2012, 9:72
3. Wiederkehr M, Krapf R, “Metabolic and endocrine effects of metabolic acidosis in humans” – Swiss Med Weekly, 2001;131:127-132
4. Brungger M, Hulter N, Krapf R, “Effect of chronic metabolic acidosis on thyroid hormone homeostasis in humans” – American Journal of Physiology – Renal Physiology, May 1, 1997, vol 272, no 5, p F648-F653
5. Mitch WE, “Metabolic and clinical consequences of metabolic acidosis” – Journal of Nephrology, 2006, March-April; 19 suppl 9:S70-5
6. DeFronzo Ra, Beckles AD, “Glucose intolerance following chronic metabolic acidosis in man” – American Journal of Physiology – Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, 1979 April, vol 236, no 4, G328-G334
7. Souto G, Donapetry C et all, “Metabolic acidosis-induced insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk” - Metabolic syndrome and related disorders, August 2011, 9(4):247-253
8. Alemany M, “Do the interactions between glucocorticoids and sex hormones regulate the development of metabolic syndrome?” – Frontiers in Endocrinology, Feb 2012, vol 3, article 27.

Wednesday, June 20, 2012

Osteoporosis: Calcium Deficiency or Excess?


Osteoporosis is the most widely recognized disease connected with calcium and affects over 15 million people in the USA alone. But did you know that both too little and too much calcium can make your bones fragile? A recent study by the Mayo clinic showed that extra calcium supplementation tripled the risk of non-spinal fractures in women already suffering from osteoporosis.1 This confirms findings of previous studies that calcium supplementation can increase the risk of hip fractures.8 How can this be?

Osteoporosis can be classified into two categories: type I and type II.



Type I Osteoporosis
Type I osteoporosis is the classical type associated with calcium deficiency. It occurs in people with a fast metabolism. An overactive thyroid gland causes the body to partially lose its ability to retain calcium and magnesium. At the same time, activity of the parathyroid gland slows down because thyroid and parathyroid glands are each other’s antagonists2. With decreased parathyroid function, cells that normally produce hard bone (osteoblasts) become inactive. Less calcium and magnesium are absorbed into the bone while more is excreted through the kidneys. As a result, bones become deficient in calcium and magnesium, grow brittle and easily break.1,2 People who suffer from this type of osteoporosis benefit from extra calcium supplementation.

Type II Osteoporosis
People with a slow metabolism, on the other hand, do not benefit from calcium supplementation at all. In fact, the opposite: it makes the problem worse. In their case, a sluggish thyroid triggers increases activity of the parathyroid gland2,3. This leads to more absorption and retention of calcium, while at the same time increasing the number of cells that break down bones (osteoblasts).5,6 This allows calcium to be drawn from the bone, weakening the bones. Since the calcium can’t be reabsorbed into the bone due to increased osteoblast activity, the body deposits it in soft tissue. This can result in gall stones, kidney stones, stiffness in joints due to calcium deposits, increased arterial plaque formation1,8 and dry skin. In those cases calcium supplementation will not solve the problem. In fact, it will make it worse.1,2,8

Osteoporosis due to insulin resistance
Calcium bone loss can also be the result of an underlying metabolic problem. For instance, people with adult onset diabetes or insulin resistance have an increased insulin production. The pancreas can only release insulin when there is enough calcium available.4,7 To make sure enough calcium is available, the body starts to retain calcium by reabsorbing it in the kidneys, while at the same time the parathyroid also steps up its activity to withdraw calcium stored in the bones. In summary, calcium is stopped from being excreted through the kidneys, and is withdrawn from its storage in bones, to meet the increased demand by the pancreas to produce insulin. Any calcium that is not used for insulin production will not be reabsorbed into the bones due to osteoblast acivity but stored elsewhere, once again not only leading to gall stones, kidney stones etc but also to osteoporosis.1

How to test?
So how do you know if you should or shouldn’t be taking extra calcium to prevent osteoporosis? A blood test is not useful, because the body will do its utmost to keep levels in the blood the same – either by storing excessive levels in the tissue if levels in blood become too high or withdrawing it from the bones if levels in the blood become too low (homeostasis). It is only when stores in bones are depleted or when the body runs out of tissue to deposit it, that blood levels will start to fluctuate, but by then it is far too late.
Hair Mineral Analysis is more effective way to asses storage levels of calcium. Hair is the second most metabolically active tissue and it provides a reliable record of metabolic activity during its period of growth. The first 4 cm closest to the scalp can provide a good indication of nutrient exposure over the previous 8 – 16 weeks. Mineral deficiencies or excesses can indicate a possible deficiency, excess or bio-unavailability of one or more minerals within the body.

If you are interested in getting a hair mineral analysis done, please contact our clinic on 1300 133 536 or visit our website at:
https://www.massattack.com.au/contactUs.html

References:
1.     Dr D.L Watts, “Trace elements and other essential nutrients” – 6th Writer’s B-L-O-C-K, USA 2010, p 52-58
2.     Tortora & Grabrowski, “Principles of anatomy and physiology” 9th edition, p 581-587 – Biological Sciences Text Books, 2000
3.     Tarrage Lopez PJ et all, “Osteoporosis in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism” – Clin Cases Mineral Bone Metabolism, 2011 Sep;8(3):44-8
4.     Curry DL, Bennett LL, Grodsky GM: Requirement for calcium ion in insulin secretion by the perfused rat pancreas. Am J Physiol214 :174–178,1968
5.     Nagata Mutsuko et all, “Subclinical hypothyroidism is related to lower heel QUS in postmenopausal women” – Endocrine Journal, 2007, vol. 54, no4, pp. 625-630
6.     Bertoli A, Fusco A, Andreoli A, Magnani A, Tulli A, Lauro D, de Lorenzo A, “Effect of Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Obesity on Whole-Body and Regional Bone Mineral Content” - Horm Res 2002;57:79–84
7.     L. Bent-Hansen, K. Capito, C.J. Hedeskov, “The effect of calcium on somatostatin inhibition of insulin release and cyclic AMP production in mouse pancreatic islets” - Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects Volume 585, Issue 2, 12 June 1979, Pages 240–249
8.     Reid IR, Bolland MJ, Grey A, “Effect of calcium supplementation on hip fractures” – Osteoporosis Int (2008) 19:1119-1123